This Climate Focus brief summarizes the main outcomes of COP23. COP23 was a largely procedural meeting concerned with defining the rules of implementation of the Paris Agreement. There is reasonable confidence that Parties are on track to conclude the deliberations on the Paris Rulebook at COP24 in Katowice this year, which gives rise for cautious optimism. However, Parties recognize that an additional negotiation session may be needed between May and COP24 in December.